Wheat is Nepal's third most important crop, and is nutrient-dense, easy to store and transport and can be converted into a variety of ingredients. Nepal has the lowest cereal yield per hectare among the South Asian countries that export domestic crops to the region. Many physical, chemical and biological factors have a great impact on wheat. Drought and heat stress are the most significant physiological factors. Wheat yield in marginal rainfed condition has also been downregulated by 50-90% of their irrigated potential due to drought. To get high yields, both the seed and the field must be of excellent quality. Wheat production management, as well as the development of high yielding, disease resistance, climate adaptive, and location specific varieties should be focused to increase wheat output sustainability. Our review attempts to shed light on tolerance mechanisms, adaption strategies, and morphophysiological and molecular effects.
Using the special characteristics of microbial communities, the rapidly expanding science of forensic microbiology is able to provide important new information for criminal investigations. Examining its uses in postmortem interval (PMI) estimation, cause of death identification, and trace evidence analysis, this review explores the rapidly developing subject of forensic microbiology. Recent developments in sequencing technologies have transformed the way microbial communities are characterized, allowing forensic experts to interpret the microbial death clock and uncover latent traces at crime scenes. The potential for improving data analysis, creating reliable prediction models, and assisting in well-informed decision-making is enormous when artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are combined with forensic microbiology. However, in order to protect privacy and avoid discrimination, it is important to carefully navigate the ethical, legal, and social issues surrounding human microbiome research. A more thorough and data-driven approach to criminal investigations is made possible by forensic microbiology's ability to harness the power of the microbiome.
