Triacontanol (TRIA) is a pivotal endogenous plant growth regulator with effective metabolic activator found in plant epicuticular waxes and in beewaxes as the palmitate ester. It is a non-toxic, pollution-free, low-cost, high-efficiency, broad-spectrum plant growth regulator. It was found after a series of experiment that TRIA plays a significant role in promoting the growth and yields of corn, rice, wheat, tomato, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, soybean, potato, peanuts, chilli pepper, cotton and ornamental plants like rose etc. TRIA causes rapid responses in enhancing growth of the crop and the growth in rice, tomato and maize about 20% is enhanced by this treatment. The response is very rapid, an increased growth within 10 minutes. It is very much insoluble in water and is applied as foliage on the leaf at a very low concentration i.e.0.01mg/litre. However, further investigations are necessary to elucidate the possible role of TRIA on plant growth regulation, physio-biochemical as well as molecular activities and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The present review covers the pivotal role of TRIA in plant growth regulation, their mode of action and significance in improving the plant productivity and quality of both agricultural as well horticultural crops.
Tricontanol (TRIA), growth regulation, yield, biochemical, molecular responses
Aftab, T., Khan,M.M.A., Idrees, M., Naeem, M., Singh, M., & Ram, M. (2010). Stimulation of crop productivity, photosynthesis and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L. by triacontanol and gibberellic acid application. J Plant Interact, 5, 273–281.
Ahmed, J. (1990). Effect of growth regulator on rice seedling growth. Int. Rice Res., Newsletter, 15, 23.
Chen, X. P., Yuan, H. Y., Chen, R. Z., Zhu, L. L., & He, G. C. (2003). Biochemical and photochemical changes in response to triacontanol in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Growth Regul., 40, 249–256. doi: 10.1023/A: 1025039027270.
Chen, X., Yuan, H., Chen, R., Zhu, L., Du, B., Weng, Q., & He, G. (2002). Isolation and characterization of triacontanol regulated genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Possible role of triacontanol as a plant growth stimulator. Plant Cell Physiol., 43, 869-876.
Ciridhar, P., Indu, E.P., & Ravishankar, G.A. (2004). Influence of triacontanol on somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora P. ex Fr. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant, 40, 200–203. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2003519.
De, G. C., and Haque, F. (1996). Efficiency of triacontanol granules on transplanted kharif ‘IR50’rice (Oryza sativa), Indian J. Agron., 41, 492-94.
Dhall, R. K., & Ahuja, S. (2004). Effect of Triacontanol (Vipur) on yield and yield Attributing Characters of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MIill.). Environment & Ecolology, 22 (Spl - l), 64 – 66.
Hangarter, R., Ries, S.K., & Carlson, P. (1978). Effect of triacontanol on plant cell cultures in vitro. Plant Physiol., 61, 855-857.
Hashmi, N., Khan, M.M.A., Naeem, M., Idrees, M., & Moinuddin, Aftab, T. (2011). Ameliorative effect of triacontanol on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, enzyme activities and active constituents of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. Med Arom Plant Sci Biotechnol., 5, 20 – 24.
Idrees, M., Khan, M.M.A., Aftab, T., & Naeem, M. (2010). Synergistic effects of gibberellic acid and triacontanol on growth, physiology, enzyme activities and essential oil content of Coriandrum sativum L. The Asian Australasian J Plant Sci Biotechnol., 4, 24–29.
Karam, A. E., & Keramat, B. (2017). Foliar spray of triacontanol improves growth by alleviating oxidative damage in coriander under salinity. Ind J Plant Physiol., 22, 120–124. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-017-0286-z.
Karam, E.A., Keramat, B., Asrar, Z., & Mozafari, H. (2017). Study of interaction effect between triacontanol and nitric oxide on alleviating of oxidative stress arsenic toxicity in coriander seedlings. Journal of Plant Interactions, 12(1), 14-20. DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2016.1267270.
