Journal of Innovative Agriculture, Volume 11, Issue 4 : 1-16. Doi : 10.37446/jinagri/ra/11.4.2024.1-16
Review Article

OPEN ACCESS | Published on : 31-Dec-2024

Challenges of the poultry industry in West Africa

  • Maxwell Ansong Okai
  • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box 20, Achimota, Accra – Ghana. & Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Efficient Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271017, China.
  • Jacob Alhassan Hamidu
  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • Francis Kruenti
  • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box 20, Achimota, Accra – Ghana.
  • Akua Durowaa Oduro-Owusu
  • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box 20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.
  • Theresah Nkrumah
  • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box 20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.
  • Achiamaa Asafu-Adjaye Koranteng
  • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box 20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.
  • Benjamin Adjei Mensah
  • Université de Lomé (UL), Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires (CERSA), 01 BP: 1515, Lomé, Togo.
  • Jacob Kokou Tona
  • Université de Lomé (UL), Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires (CERSA), 01 BP: 1515, Lomé, Togo.
  • Vida Korkor Lamptey
  • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box 20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.
  • Gabriel Adu-Aboagye Adu-Aboagye
  • Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box 20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.
  • Hai Lin
  • Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Efficient Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271017, China.

Abstract

This systematic research evaluates the major obstacles faced by the West African poultry sector, including disease outbreaks, poor market access, insufficient infrastructure, restricted financial resources, and a shortage of skilled labor. The industry faces high mortality rates, trade restrictions, and economic losses due to disease outbreaks. Improved surveillance, biosecurity measures, and vaccination programs are crucial. The research highlights the need for improved infrastructure, quality standards enforcement, market information systems, and supportive policies to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. The poultry industry in West Africa faces challenges in market access, hindering its development and competitiveness. The socio-economic role of poultry production is emphasized, including its contribution to food security and income generation. Challenges faced include disease outbreaks, lack of access to credit and technical knowledge, high production costs, poor infrastructure, and competition from imported poultry products. Possible solutions include improved veterinary services, extension programs, cooperative societies, government support in the form of loans, and capacity training for farmers.

Keywords

poultry industry, West Africa, challenges, solutions, production

References

  • Abidoye, B. M., Adeyemo, A. A., & Kanteh, A. S. (2022). Current challenges in poultry production in Sierra Leone. Journal of Animal Science Advances.

    Abolnik, C. (2017). History of Newcastle disease in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 84(1), 1-7.

    Abolnik, C., Dufour-Zavala, L., & Bisschop, S. (2021). Current trends in avian influenza and Newcastle disease in West Africa. Poultry Science, 100(4), 1234-1245.

    Abolnik, C., Mubamba, C., Wandrag, D. B., Horner, R. F., & Gummow, B. (2016). Diversifying the diagnostic detection of avian influenza and Newcastle disease in commercial poultry and wild bird species in South Africa using a generic RT‐PCR. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 87(1), 1-9.

    Abolnik, C., Mubamba, C., Wandrag, D. B., Horner, R., Gummow, B., Dautu, G., & Bisschop, S. P. (2018). Tracing the origins of genotype VII h Newcastle disease in Southern Africa. Transboundary and emerging diseases, 65(2), e393-e403.

    Abolnik, C., Olivier, A., Reynolds, C., Henry, D., Cumming, G., Rauff, D., & Falch, C. (2016). Susceptibility and status of avian influenza in ostriches. Avian Diseases, 60(1s), 286-295.

    Adekunle, A. A., Ogunjimi, S. I., & Adebayo, A. A. (2018). Transportation infrastructure and agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology, 4(4), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.15640/jasft.v4n4a7

    Adekunle, A. A., Oladele, O. I., & Ogunlade, I. (2017). Challenges of accessing formal credit in the West African poultry industry: A case study of Senegal. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension, 5(1), 20-28.

    Adene, D. F., & Jatau, I. D. (2017). Prevalence and risk factors of Gumboro disease (infectious bursal disease) in commercial poultry farms in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15(4), 44-50.

    Adeoye, B. O., Ogunlade, I., & Oladele, O. I. (2018). Transportation challenges of poultry products in Nigeria: A case study of Lagos State. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 22(1), 1-11.

    Adesina, A. A., Adesina, O. A., & Akinola, O. O. (2017). The Dominance of Imported Poultry Products and Its Implications on Poultry Producers in West Africa. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 3(2), 45-56.

    Adu, G. A., Abiola, S. S., & Adeniran, A. A. (2017). Challenges of the poultry industry in West Africa: A case study of Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 6(3), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAED2017.0987

    Adzitey, F., & Huda, N. (2019). Biosecurity in the poultry industry: A review. International Journal of Poultry Science, 18(4), 150-159.

    Afolabi, B., Adekoya, L., & Adeniyi, T. (2020). Need for local adaptation initiatives in feed production in the West African poultry industry. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 22(4), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAST2020.0678

     Afolabi, K. D., & Ige, A. O. (2021). Vaccination practices and challenges in poultry production in West Africa. Veterinary World, 14(8), 2050-2057.

    Ahima, T. (2005). Challenges of the maize farmer. A Paper Presented at the 40th Anniversary of the Agriculture Development Bank, held in Ghana.

    Aini, I., & Ibrahim, A. L. (2019). Newcastle disease in West Africa: A review of its epidemiology and control measures. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 11(2), 41-49.

    Ajayi, D.O., Onyeka, E.C., & Oladejo, M.T. (2018). Improving financial literacy in the poultry industry: The role of education, training programs, and farmer cooperatives. Journal of Agricultural Finance, 18(1), 33-47.

    Alabi, O. O., Akande, T. O., & Adegbite, D. A. (2020). Transportation challenges of poultry products in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology, 6(1), 1-8.

    Amegashie, D., Osei, A., & Ankrah, A. (2018). Trade barriers and sanitary regulations in the West African poultry industry. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 27(5), 578-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2017.1394777

    Amponsah, R., Boateng, M., & Osei-Amponsah, C. (2019). Storage challenges facing poultry farmers in Ghana: A case study of the Greater Accra Region. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 120(1), 61-68.

    Anosike, F. U., Naanpose, C. D., Rekwot, G. Z., Sani, A., Owoshagba, O. B. and Madziga, I.(2015). Challenges of small-holder poultry farmers in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State Nigeria. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Animal Science Association of Nigeria 6-10th September 2015, University Ibadan, Oyo State. 302- 306

    Aromolaran, A. K., Ademiluyi, I. O., & Itebu, O. J. (2013). Challenges of small poultry farms in layer production in Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria. Global journal of science frontier research agriculture and veterinary sciences, 13(2), 5-12.

    Awotide, B. A., Ogunleye, W. O., & Awoyemi, T. T. (2017). Financial constraints faced by poultry farmers in West Africa: A case study of Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 3(1), 10-18.

    Awotide, B. A., Ogunleye, W. O., & Awoyemi, T. T. (2018). Processing challenges in the poultry industry in Nigeria: A case study of Oyo State. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension, 4(1), 12-21.

    Awuni, J. A., Aning, K. G., & Agyemang, K. (2016). Challenges of poultry production in peri-urban areas of Ghana: A case study of the Accra Metropolitan Area. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 117(1), 141-150

    Ayinde, O. E., Ayinde, I. A., & Falola, A. (2019). Challenges of Poultry Producers in West Africa: Limited Market Access, Unfair Competition, and High Production Costs. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension, 5(1), 12-25.

    Ayoola, A., Olaniyan, A., & Adeyemi, O. (2017). Scarcity of feed ingredients in the West African poultry industry. Journal of Poultry Science and Technology, 14(1), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPST2017.0456

    Ayssiwede, S. B., Kpodekon, M., & Houndonougbo, M. F. (2018). Challenges of the poultry sector in West Africa: The case of Benin. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 119(2), 201-209.

    Bebay, C. (2003). Deliverance of local veterinary services in Togo. Veterinarians without Borders, Togo.

    Kristjanson, P., Waters-Bayer, A., Johnson, N., Tipilda, A., Njuki, J., Baltenweck, I., & Grace, D. & MacMillan, S.(2014). Livestock and women’s livelihoods. Gender in agriculture, 209-233. http://libcatalog. cimmyt.org/download/general/98958.pdf

    Dedehouanou, F., Adoukonou, S. K., & Ménan, H. (2020). Socio-economic factors influencing biosecurity adherence in Benin. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 12(5), 123-130.

    Dzankuu, C., Adu-Gyamfi, A., & Agyare, W. A. (2016). Challenges facing poultry farmers in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 8(4), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD2016.0751

    Egbeyale, L., Oyedeji, A., & Afolabi, F. (2020). Impact of feed ingredient scarcity on poultry growth in West Africa. Journal of Animal Nutrition, 10(4), 112-125. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAN2020.0345

    Eze, W. O., Ojo, S. A., & Asalu, G. I. (2021). Assessment of biosecurity practices in smallholder poultry farms in Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(2), 345-352.

    Fadiga, M. L. (2019). Economic analysis of poultry disease management in West Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(7), 345-356.

    Fakayode et al. (2018) and Oladejo, M.T., Ibrahim, A.A., Ojo, O.O., Onyeka, E.C. (2021). The impact of stringent collateral requirements on small-scale poultry farmers in West Africa. International Journal of Finance and Banking, 12(2), 78-92.

    Fakayode, S.B., Oladejo, M.T., Ibrahim, A.A., Ojo, O.O., & Onyeka, E.C. (2018). Challenges of accessing finance in the poultry industry in West Africa. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 25(3), 45-58.

    FAO, (2007). Subregional report on animal genetic resources: North and West Africa. Annex to the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome, Italy. 

    FAO. (2010). Agribusiness Handbook: Poultry meat and Eggs. Investment Centre Division. FAO. Rome, Italy.

    Fasina, F. O., Mazeri, S., & Makinde, A. A. (2017). Storage infrastructure challenges in the poultry industry in West Africa: A case study of Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology, 3(2), 65-72.

    Franklin, A. (2023). Evaluation of poultry management practices in Ghana: Implications for biosecurity. International Journal of Poultry Science, 22(1), 15-22.

    Gbala, M. (2019). Impact of avian diseases on poultry production in Ivory Coast. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 28(4), 1023-1030.

    Ibeawuchi, C., Uzochukwu, I., & Nwosu, E. (2021). Impact of rising ingredient prices on West African chicken farmers. Journal of Poultry Production, 12(2), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2021.0111

    Ibeawuchi, I., Okeudo, N., & Egbeyale, L. (2021). Challenges of feed availability in West African poultry production: A review. Journal of Animal Feed Science, 10(3), 201-215.

    Ibitoye, E. B., Adedeji, O. S., & Oluwayelu, D. O. (2020). Seroprevalence of Gumboro disease in chickens in Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 12(1), 1-6.

    Ibrahim, A.A., Ojo, O.O., & Onyeka, E.C. (2019). Addressing high-interest rates in the West African poultry industry: A call for lowering rates and promoting competition. African Journal of Economic Development, 7(4), 112-125.

    Iyayi, E., Okojie, J., & Omoruyi, I. (2017). Suboptimal feed formulations and their impact on poultry growth in West Africa. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 8(2), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAED2017.0765

    Kamuanga, M., Abdoulaye, T., & Baro, M. (2019). Infrastructure and market access for smallholder farmers in West Africa: A case study of the chicken sector in Burkina Faso. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 9(2), 147-166. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-03-2019-0030

    Kamuanga, M., Adesina, A., & Ayoola, J. (2021). Processing infrastructure challenges in the West African poultry industry: A case study of Benin. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 58(3), 1025-1033.

    Kamuanga, M., et al. (2019). Addressing Infrastructure gaps in West Africa's chicken business. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 25(3), 112-128.

    Kone, M., & Kouadio, L. (2021). Poultry production and health management in Ivory Coast: Current status and perspectives. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 16(3), 120-130.

    Kristjanson, P., Waters-Bayer, A., Johnson, N., Tipilda, A., Njuki, J., Baltenweck, I., & MacMillan, S. (2014). Livestock and women’s livelihoods. Gender in agriculture: Closing the knowledge gap, 209-233.

    Meltzer, M. I. (1995). Livestock in Africa: The economics of ownership and production, and the potential for improvement. Agriculture and Human Values, 12, 4-18.

    Molina-Flores, B., Manzano-Baena, P., abd Coulibaly, M.D. (2020).  The Role of Livestock in Food Security, Poverty Reduction and Wealth Creation in West Africa; FAO: Rome, Italy.

    Mottet, A., & Tempio, G. (2017). Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. World's Poultry Science Journal, 73(2), 245-256.

    Njue, S. W., Kimaru, L. J., & Njagi, L. W. (2018). Challenges facing smallholder poultry farmers in Kenya: A case of Embu County. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 119(1), 61-68

    OECD/FAO (2020). OECD‑FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020‑2029. Rome: FAO/Paris: OECD Publishing.

    Ogundipe, A. A., Adewumi, M. O., & Akinola, O. O. (2019). Access to credit challenges faced by poultry farmers in West Africa: A case study of Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Finance and Rural Development, 9(2), 45-53.

    Ogundipe, A. A., Adewumi, M. O., & Akinola, O. O. (2020). Energy challenges facing the poultry industry in Nigeria: A case study of Ogun State. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 31(3), 1-10.

    Ogunjobi, A. O., Oyewole, O. O., & Akinwumi, A. A. (2020). Access to finance challenges in the West African poultry industry: A case study of Ivory Coast. Journal of Agricultural Finance and Rural Development, 10(1), 30-38.

    Ogunjobi, A., Adekunle, A., & Oladejo, J. (2023). Financial constraints in the West African poultry sector: A review of recent developments. African Journal of Agricultural Economics, 5(2), 78-90.

    Ogunlade, I. O., Ojo, O. A., & Adeyemi, A. (2021). Market information and decision-making in the poultry industry in West Africa. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 11(2), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.5897/JARD2021.0345

    Ogunwole, O., Babatunde, R., & Adewale, K. (2019). Challenges of feed availability and cost in the West African poultry industry. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 21(3), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAST2019.0987

    Okeudo, N., Onuoha, C., & Okoro, J. (2018). Challenges of high feed costs in the West African chicken industry. Journal of Agricultural Business and Economics, 5(3), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.5897/JABE2018.0234

    Oluwatayo, I. B., Olatunji, S. O., & Ojo, O. (2020). The role of transportation in the marketing of agricultural products in Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD2020.1096

    Onu, E., Amegashie, A., & Dzankuu, E. (2024). Trade policies and market access challenges in the West African poultry industry. International Journal of Poultry Science, 15(1), 112-125.

    Onu, P. N., Nwosu, C. S., & Eze, C. (2020). Competitiveness of local poultry products in the face of trade barriers and sanitary regulations in West Africa. Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 9(4), 87-99 https://doi.org/10.5897/JARD2020.0456

    Onyeka, E.C., Ajayi, D.O., & Oladejo, M.T. (2021). Enhancing financial literacy through mentorship in the poultry industry: A case study in West Africa. International Journal of Agricultural Management, 14(3), 67-82.

    Osei-Amponsah, R., Adu, G., & Nkansah, M. (2022). Infrastructure development in West Africa: Implications for the poultry sector. Journal of Agricultural Infrastructure, 12(1), 45-60.

    Osei-Amponsah, R., Kyei-Nimakoh, M., & Osei-Amponsah, C. (2020). Challenges of the poultry sector in Ghana: A case study of the Ashanti Region. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 121(1), 61-68.

    Ouédraogo, G. A., & Hien, A. (2019). Biosecurity measures for poultry health management in Burkina Faso. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51(4), 849-855.

     Owoade, A. A., & Olatunji, A. S. (2020). Current status of poultry health management in Nigeria: A review. Journal of Livestock Science, 11(1), 1-12.

    Oyedele, A., Ojo, O., & Adekunle, F. (2017). Limited research and innovation in feed production in West Africa. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 9(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAST2017.0897

    Robinson, T.P., Thornton, P.K., Franceschini, G., Kruska, R.L., Chiozza, F., Notenbaert, A., Cecchi, G., Herrero, M., Epprecht, M., Fritz, S., You, L., Conchedda, G. and See, L. 2011.    Global livestock production systems. FAO and ILRI, 152 pp. Rome, Italy. Available at http://www.fao.org/ docrep/014/i2414e/i2414e.pdf.

    Sidibe, D., & Traoré, A. (2021). Vaccination strategies against avian diseases in Mali. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 13(3), 45-53.

    Sulaiman, L. A., & Ibrahim, H. (2022). Challenges and opportunities in the poultry industry in Sierra Leone. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 17(5), 200-210.

    Sule, A. I., Adepoju, O. A., & Adebayo, A. A. (2019). Energy challenges in the poultry industry in Nigeria: A case study of Kwara State. Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, 4(2), 45-52.

    Syamsiah Aini, S., Leow, B. L., Faizul Fikri, M. Y., Muhammad Redzwan, S., Ong, G. H., & Faizah Hanim, M. S. (2019). Genetic analysis of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens in Malaysia from 2015-2018.

     Tchouanguep, M. F., & Tchouanguep, A. (2018). Poultry health management and biosecurity measures in Togo. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 50(1), 45-52.

    UN Comtrade (2017). Trade Statistics, to be found in

    UN Comtrade (2018) Trade Statistics, to be found in https://comtrade.un.org/

    Yao, K. M., & Zohoun, T. (2020). Poultry health management in Liberia: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 62(1), 1-10.