Heterosis is a complex phenomenon manifested in the superiority of a hybrid in one (or) more characters over its parents. In other words, heterosis refers to increase in fitness and vigour over the parental values. Heterosis is the increase in vigor that is observed in progenies of matings of diverse individuals from different species, isolated populations or selected strains within species or populations. Heterosis has been of immense economic value in agriculture and has important implications regarding the fitness and fecundity of individuals in natural populations. Considering mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), a pulse crop which is self-pollinated, little work has been done on heterosis. This genetic tool is the basic mechanism in developing mungbean cultivars with high yielding potentials. The increase in pulses production volume comes mainly from the increase in mungbean cultivated area. A possible breakthrough for this production limitation is to exploit hybrid vigor of the F1 for possible production of hybrid varieties. The magnitude of hybrid vigor is normally presented in terms of heterosis (superiority of the F1 hybrid over its parental mean) and heterobeltiosis (superiority of the F1 hybrid over its better parent). Existence of a significant amount of dominance variance is essential for undertaking heterosis breeding programme.
mungbean, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, hybrid, yield, crop improvement
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