Since soil is a non-renewable resource, it is necessary to conserve the soil quality and health. The increased activities on urbanization, industrialization and intensive agricultural practices are the main factors polluting the soil with a wide range of harmful pollutants. Remediation of soil and maintaining soil health are the prerequisites to ensure food security. This review discusses green technology approaches, their cleaning mechanism and strategies in green technologies since green technologies are advantageous when compared with other conventional technologies.
soil, remediation, green technology, environment, crops, food security
Arif, Y., Singh, P., Siddiqui, H., Bajguz, A., Hayat, S. (2020). Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in plants: An omic approach towards stress tolerance. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 156: 64 – 77.
Butt, K. R., Lowe, C.N., Fredrerickson, J and Moffat A.J. (2004). The development of sustainable earthworm populations at Clavert landfill site, UK. Journal of Land Degradation and Development., 15: 27 – 36.
Cherian, S and Oliveira, M.M. (2005). Transgenic plants in phytoremediation: recent advances and new possibilities. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39: 9377 – 9390.
Clemens, S., Palmgren, M. G., & Kramer, U. (2002). A Longway Ahead: Understanding and Engineering Plant Metal Accumulation. Trends in Plant Science, 7(7), 309–314.
Arjun Kafle, Anil Timilsina, Asmita Gautam, Kaushik Adhikari, Anukul Bhattarai and Niroj Aryal. (2022). Phytoremediation: Mechanisms, plant selection and enhancement by natural and synthetic agents. Environmental Advances., 8: 1 – 18.
Gaikwad, A. S., Margal, P. B., & Titirmare, N. S. (2023). Soil Degradation and Remediation: Strategies for Restoring Soil Quality. In S. A. Chaware et al. (Eds.), Advances in Soil Science (Vol. 1, No. 16, pp. 349–390).
Garrison, A.W., Nzengung, V.A., Avants, J.K., Ellington J.J., Jones W.J., Rennels D., Wolfe, N.L. (2000). Phytodegradation of p,p – DDT and the Enantiomers of o,p – DDT. Environ. Sci. Technol., 34: 1663 – 1670.
Hadley, P. W., & Harclerode, M. (2015). Green Remediation or Sustainable Remediation: Moving from dialogue to common practice. Remediation Journal, 25(2), 95–115.
Lajayer, B.A., Moghadam N.K., Maghsoodi M.R., Ghorbanur M., Kariman K. (2019). Phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil, water and atmosphere using ornamental plants: mechanisms and efficiency improvement strategies. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 26: 8468 – 8484.
Lal, R. (2015). Restoring soil quality to mitigate soil degradation. Sustainability, 7(5), 5875–5895.
Li, H., Sheng, G., Sheng, W and Xu, O. (2002). Uptake of trifluralin and lindane from water by ryegrass. Chemosphere., 48: 335 – 341.
Limmer, M. and Burken J. (2016). Phytovolatalization of organic contaminants. Environ. Sci. Technol., 50: 6632 – 6643.
Mithembu, M. (2012). Nitrogen and phosphorous removal from agricultural wastewater using constructed rhizofiltration in Durban, South Africa. J. Agricul. Sci. Technol., 1142 – 1148.
Pandey, V. C., & Gajic, G. (2022). Green Technologies for Soil Remediation. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 108, 387–388.
Paz-Alberto, A. M., & Sigua, G. C. (2013). Phytoremediation: A Green Technology to Remove Environmental Pollutants. American Journal of Climate Change, 2, 71–86.
Qayyum, S., Khan, I., Meng, K., & Zhao, Y. (2020). A review on remediation technologies for heavy metals contaminated soil. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation, 1, 21–29.
Sanjay Swami, Thokchom Dorenchand Singh, Shubham Singh and Pritisha Patgiri. (2021). Vermiremediation: An innovative approach for cleaning up the chemically polluted soils. 3rd international conference on Global initiative in Agricultural, Forestry and Applied Sciences for Food security, Environmental safety and sustainable development. ISBN: 978-93-5419-016-2.
Shen, X., Dai, M., Yang, J., Sun, L., Tan, X., Peng, C., Ali, I., & Naz, I. (2022). A critical review on the phytoremediation of heavy metals from the environment: performance and challenges. Chemosphere, 291(3).
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2004). Hazard Summary. Lead Compounds. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/lead.html
Vithanage, M., Dabrowska, B. B., Mukherjee, A. B., & Sandhi, A. (2011). Arsenic uptake by plants and possible phytoremediation applications: A brief overview. In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World (Vol. 2): Remediation of Air and Water Pollution. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2439-6_12
